If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website.

If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked.

Main content

Electric forces

Review your understanding of electric forces in this free article aligned to NGSS standards.

Key points:

  • An electric force exists between any two objects with electric charge—even if the objects aren’t touching.
  • Electric forces can be attractive or repulsive. This depends on the electric charges of the objects.
  • Objects with opposite charges attract.
Two equally sized foam balls separated by a short distance. The ball on the left has a plus sign on it and an arrow pointing right from its right side. The ball on the right has a minus sign on it with an arrow pointing left from its left side.
  • Objects with the same charge repel.
Two equally sized foam balls separated by a short distance. Both balls have a plus sign on them. There is an arrow pointing left from the left side of the ball on the left. There is an arrow pointing right from the right side of the ball on the right.
  • The electric force between two objects depends on the size of their charges and the distance between them. The greater the charges and the smaller the distance, the larger the electric force.

Want to join the conversation?

  • starky sapling style avatar for user ymurillo23
    We need some Minecraft education mode in Khan Academy
    (157 votes)
    Default Khan Academy avatar avatar for user
  • piceratops ultimate style avatar for user GGatorZ21
    why is it that when you slide down a slide or get out of a car and then touch something or someone you get shocked?how does this happen?
    (29 votes)
    Default Khan Academy avatar avatar for user
  • blobby green style avatar for user KaylynS
    Does a - and a - attract?
    (3 votes)
    Default Khan Academy avatar avatar for user
  • female robot amelia style avatar for user navarroJessie
    how does this happen
    (0 votes)
    Default Khan Academy avatar avatar for user
    • duskpin ultimate style avatar for user Alexa
      Electrical forces occur due to the interaction of charged particles, such as electrons and protons. These charged particles exert forces on each other based on their charges and the distance between them.

      The fundamental property responsible for electrical forces is electric charge. Electric charge can be positive or negative. Like charges (positive-positive or negative-negative) repel each other, while opposite charges (positive-negative) attract each other.

      The interaction between charged particles is mediated by the electric field. An electric field surrounds any charged particle and exerts a force on other charged particles within its influence. When a charged particle enters the electric field of another charged particle, it experiences a force due to the interaction of the electric fields.

      According to Coulomb's law, the strength of the electrical force between two charged particles is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Mathematically, the electric force (F) between two charged particles can be expressed as F = k * (q1 * q2) / r^2, where q1 and q2 are the charges of the particles, r is the distance between them, and k is the electrostatic constant.

      Electrical forces are responsible for various phenomena in our daily lives, such as the attraction or repulsion of magnets, the flow of electric current in wires, and the behavior of charged particles in electric fields. They play a crucial role in understanding and explaining the behavior of charged particles and the functioning of electrical devices.
      (24 votes)
  • old spice man blue style avatar for user jayeshiselonmusk.123
    Is the letter W and M attracted?
    (7 votes)
    Default Khan Academy avatar avatar for user
  • piceratops seedling style avatar for user ca29173
    Can a positive be attracted to another positive and if so, would it have the same logic with the negative charge?
    (7 votes)
    Default Khan Academy avatar avatar for user
  • aqualine tree style avatar for user Melanie
    wait we have magnets that have positive and negative charges what would happen if they were both neutral would they stick together anymore if someone know that answer to this pls tell me this is facinating
    (6 votes)
    Default Khan Academy avatar avatar for user
    • blobby green style avatar for user karchocks
      don't confuse yourself between magnetic forces and electric forces. in magnets you can't make them neutral because the magnetic field of the magnet exerts the force. over here in electric forces its the force between charges. if you want you can remove the magnetic field of a few magnets by various methods but then it wont stick to anything.
      (3 votes)
  • blobby green style avatar for user vishwamit
    Magnets are cool
    (6 votes)
    Default Khan Academy avatar avatar for user
  • boggle purple style avatar for user Kynzcat
    can i attract to anything
    (1 vote)
    Default Khan Academy avatar avatar for user
    • duskpin ultimate style avatar for user Alexa
      In the context of physical objects, you cannot directly attract things to yourself with the force of gravity or electromagnetism like larger celestial bodies can. However, you can exert forces on objects and move them by physically interacting with them. For example, you can pick up objects, push them, or pull them towards you by applying force through your muscles.
      (9 votes)
  • blobby green style avatar for user SamuelS
    So it's like magnets, opposite forces attract and the same forces repel
    But what does it mean for a charge to be "positive" or "negative"? Like, what's the difference?
    (3 votes)
    Default Khan Academy avatar avatar for user
    • piceratops sapling style avatar for user Azaz0th
      A charge is positive when there are more protons than electrons in the atoms of the object. A charge is "Negative" when there are more electrons than protons in an object. This is also why only some objects can use electric forces. They are the only objects that can easily donate or lose electrons.
      (3 votes)